Rai IBN, Artana IGNB. J Respir Indones. 2009;29:(4). Smoking is the leading cause of preventabel mortality and morbidity in industrialized countries and increasingly the smoking epidemic is affecting developing countries. This is particularly true for vascular and respiratory diseases, as well as for cancer. Stopping smoking prolongs life and reduces morbidity. Despite increasing scientific knowledge […]
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Rai IBN, Sajinadiyasa IGK. J Respir Indones. 2009;29(3). In most developed countries ±25% of adults with asthma are current cigarette smokers. Asthma and cigarette smoking interact to cause more severe symptoms, accelerated decline in lung function, and impaired short-term therapeutic response to corticosteroids. One of variable to evaluation response of treatment was length of stay. […]