Rita Khairani, Elisna Syahruddin, Lia Gardenia Partakusuma

Abstract
Background: Pleural effusion is abnormal accumulation of pleural fluid in pleural cavity, which is caused by excessive transudation
or exudation form pleural surface and as complication of various diseases. The aim of this study was to understand the characteristic
of pleural effusion.
Methods: This study was an observational descriptive. A total 119 patients with pleural effusion were evaluated. Pleural puncture
was done and simultaneously pleural fluid and serum analysis were measured. Patients were observed until diagnosing of pleura
effusion was established. Exudates was defined as pleural effusion caused by diseased primary in thoracic cavity, where as
transudates was defined as pleural effusion due to systemic disease.
Results: Of 104 patients with exudative pleural effusion, 15 patients with transudative pleural effusion. Pleural effusion was
commonly caused by malignancy (42.8%) and followed by tuberculosis (42%). The characteristic of exudative effusion was
unilateral, right hemithorax and massive. The characteristic of transudative effusion was bilateral, right hemithorax and nonmassive
effusion.
Conclusion: Pleural fluid LDH and protein, and ratio of pleural fluid protein and serum were higher in tuberculosis pleural effusion
than malignant pleural effusion although significantly not significant. Malignant pleural effusion has higher median of leukocyte.
Gradient albumin of malignancy pleural effusion was higher and significantly different compared with tuberculosis effusion.
(J Respir Indo. 2012; 32:155-60)
Keywords: Pleural effusion, characteristic, exudates, transudates.

Abstrak
Latar belakang: Efusi pleura adalah akumulasi cairan tidak normal di rongga pleura yang diakibatkan oleh transudasi atau eksudasi
yang berlebihan dari permukaan pleura dan merupakan komplikasi berbagai penyakit. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui
karakteristik efusi pleura.
Metode: Desain penelitian adalah deskriptif observasional pada 119 pasien efusi pleura. Analisis cairan pleura dan serum
diperiksakan pada pasien efusi yang menjalani pungsi pleura di instalasi gawat darurat. Pasien diikuti sampai diagnosis penyebab
efusi pleura ditegakkan. Eksudat adalah bila efusi pleura disebabkan oleh penyakit lokal di rongga toraks sedangkan transudat bila
efusi pleura disebabkan oleh penyakit sistemik.
Hasil: Terdapat 104 pasien efusi eksudatif dan 15 pasien efusi transudatif. Efusi terbesar disebabkan malignansi (42,8%) diikuti
oleh tuberkulosis (42%). Karakteristik efusi eksudatif adalah unilateral, melibatkan hemitoraks kanan dan bersifat masif.
Karakteristik efusi transudatif adalah bilateral, melibatkan hemitoraks kanan dan bersifat tidak masif.
Kesimpulan: Efusi pleura tuberkulosis mempunyai median LDH dan protein cairan pleura serta rasio protein cairan pleura terhadap
serum lebih tinggi tetapi tidak berbeda bermakna dibandingkan efusi pleura ganas (EPG). Efusi pleura ganas memiliki median
leukosit lebih tinggi. Gradien albumin EPG lebih tinggi dan berbeda bermakna dibandingkan efusi TB. (J Respir Indo. 2012; 32:155-
60)
Kata kunci: Efusi pleura, karakteristik, eksudat, transudat.

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